| Abstract: | Antifungal agents are essential for the maintenance of healthy stocks of fish and their eggs in intensive aquaculture operations. In the usa, formalin is the only fungicide approved for use in fish culture, however, hydrogen peroxide and sodium chloride have been granted low regulatory priority drug status by the united states food and drug administration (fda) and their use is allowed. We evaluated the efficacy of these fungicides for controlling fungal infections on rainbow trout eggs. A pilot study was conducted to determine the minimum water flow rate required to administer test chemicals accurately in heath incubators. A minimum water flow rate of 7.6 1 min(-1) was necessary to maintain treatment concentrations during flow-through chemical exposures, the antifungal activity of formalin, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium chloride was evaluated by treating uninfected and 10% fungal-infected (saprolegnia parasitica) rainbow trout eggs (oncorhynchus mykiss) for 15 min every other day until hatch. There were no significant differences among treatments in percent hatch or final infection for uninfected eggs receiving prophylactic chemical treatments, eggs of the negative control group (uninfected and untreated) had a mean hatch exceeding 86%, all chemical treatments conducted on the infected egg groups controlled the spread of fungus and improved hatching success compared with the positive control groups (infected and untreated), formalin treatments of 1000 and 1500 mu l 1(-1) and hydrogen peroxide treatments of 500 and 1000 mu l 1(-1) were the most effective. Sodium chloride treatments of 30000 mg 1(-1) improved fry hatch, but the compound was less effective at inhibiting fungal growths compared with hydrogen peroxide and formalin treatments. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 1003501 |
| Citation Author: | Schreier, T. M. ; Rach, J. J. ; Howe, G. E. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 331 |
| Citation Issue: | 4 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Aquaculture |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 9 |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | pp. 323-331 |
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| Citation Publisher: | National Biological Service |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Efficacy of formalin, hydrogen-peroxide, and sodium-chloride on fungal-infected rainbow-trout eggs; 1996; Article; Journal; Aquaculture; Schreier, T. M. ; Rach, J. J. ; Howe, G. E. |
| Citation Start Page: | 323 |
| Citation Volume: | 140 |
| Citation Year: | 1996 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Efficacy of formalin, hydrogen-peroxide, and sodium-chloride on fungal-infected rainbow-trout eggs; 1996; Article; Journal; Aquaculture; Schreier, T. M. ; Rach, J. J. ; Howe, G. E. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Mon, 1 Jan 1996 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | National Biological Service |
