| Abstract: | Our paper identifies and examines the significance of hunting and non-hunting mortality affecting the Eastern Population (EP) and Western Population (WP) (see Serie & Bartonek 1991a) of Tundra Swans. Sport hunting (Serie & Bartonek 1991b), native subsistence hunting (Copp 1989, Stewart & Bernier 1989), malicious shooting (McKelvey & MacNeill 1981), avian cholera (Friend et al. 1981, Schroeder 1983), ecto- and endoparasites (Trauger & Bartonek 1977, Woebeser 1981), lead poisoning (Sherwood 1960, Friend et al. 1981), collision (Willard 1978), and drowning (Miller et al. 1986) have been documented as being direct or indirect causes of mortality in fledged Tundra Swans; but their relative importance remains unknown. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 1003844 |
| Citation Author: | Bartonek, J. C.; Serie, J. R.; Converse, K. A. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | National Wildlife Health Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 358 |
| Citation Issue: | 1 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Wildfowl |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 3 |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | p. 356-358 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Mortality in tundra swans Cygnus columbianus; 1991; Article; Journal; Wildfowl; Bartonek, J. C.; Serie, J. R.; Converse, K. A. |
| Citation Start Page: | 356 |
| Citation Volume: | 42 |
| Citation Year: | 1991 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Mortality in tundra swans Cygnus columbianus; 1991; Article; Journal; Wildfowl; Bartonek, J. C.; Serie, J. R.; Converse, K. A. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Tue, 1 Jan 1991 00:00 -0600 |
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