Type C botulism losses at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, 1978

Windingstad, R. M.; Duncan, R. M.; Drieslein, R. L.

Abstract:

Avian botulism was responsible for the death of over 6,000 waterfowl at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in Wisconsin in 1978. The outbreak occurred in early fall on a flooded 250 hectare fallow agricultural area on the northeast end of the refuge. The species most severely affected was the green-winged teal (Anas carolinensis), which made up almost 45% of the total birds found. Carcass pick-up, mouse toxicity tests, and antitoxin injections of waterfowl are discussed.

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Article

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1003878

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Windingstad, R. M.; Duncan, R. M.; Drieslein, R. L.

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National Wildlife Health Center

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211

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English

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Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters

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p. 208-211

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Type C botulism losses at Horicon National Wildlife Refuge, 1978; 1980; Article; Journal; Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters; Windingstad, R. M.; Duncan, R. M.; Drieslein, R. L.