| Abstract: | Golden Bear Oil or GB-1111 is a petroleum distillate that is used throughout the United States as a larvicide for mosquito pupae. The oil forms a barrier at the air-water interface, which suffocates air-breathing insects. There are few published studies on non-target effects of GB-1111 but the product label warns that ?GB-1111 is toxic to fish and other aquatic organisms.? Fertile eggs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) were incubated in the laboratory, and treated on days 4 or 11 of incubation with external applications equivalent to either 0, 1/3, 1, 3, or 10 times the maximum rate (5 gal/A) of field application of GB-1111. Hatching success was significantly reduced in mallards treated on day 4 or day 11 at 3 and 10 times the maximum field application, with a calculated approximate LD50 of 1.9 times the maximum field application. Most mortality occurred within a week of treatment. Hatching success of bobwhite was only reduced at the highest level of treatment. Other effects at this level in bobwhite included a significant increase in incidence of abnormal embryos/ hatchlings, lower body and liver weights of hatchlings and a two-fold increase in hepatic microsomal P450-associated monooxygenase activity (EROD) in hatchlings. Recommended rates of field application of GB-1111 are potentially toxic to mallard embryos, especially under conditions of larvicide drift or spray overlap, but unlikely to impair the survival or development of bobwhite embryos. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 1012914 |
| Citation Author: | Bodkin, J. L. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Alaska Biological Science Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 808 |
| Citation Issue: | 4 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Fishery Bulletin |
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| Citation Month: | OCT |
| Citation No Pagination: | |
| Citation Number Of Pages: | 10 |
| Citation Online Only Flag: | |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | pp. 799-808 |
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| Citation Public Comments: | |
| Citation Publisher: | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Fish assemblages in Macrocystis and Nereocystis kelp forrests off Central California; 1986; Article; Journal; Fishery Bulletin; Bodkin, J. L. |
| Citation Start Page: | 799 |
| Citation Volume: | 84 |
| Citation Year: | 1986 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Fish assemblages in Macrocystis and Nereocystis kelp forrests off Central California; 1986; Article; Journal; Fishery Bulletin; Bodkin, J. L. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Wed, 1 Jan 1986 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
