Human disturbances of waterfowl: causes, effects, and management

Fish and Wildlife Leaflet 13.2.15
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Abstract

Human disturbances of waterfowl can be intentional or unintentional. They may result from overt or directed activities or may be ancillary to activities not initially thought to be of concern to birds. Some of these disturbances are manifested by alertness, fright (obvious or inapparent), flight, swimming, disablement, or death. Therefore, persons responsible for waterfowl management areas should be aware of the problems from human disturbance and should design management and facilities that increase public appreciation of waterfowl.

Publication type Report
Publication Subtype Federal Government Series
Title Human disturbances of waterfowl: causes, effects, and management
Series title Fish and Wildlife Leaflet
Series number 13.2.15
Year Published 1992
Language English
Publisher U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Publisher location Washington, DC
Contributing office(s) Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
Description 8 p.
Larger Work Type Report
Larger Work Subtype Federal Government Series
Larger Work Title Waterfowl Management Handbook
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