| Abstract: | (1) DDT, dieldrin, and heptachlor were each applied to separate replicate plots in a hay field at 0.6, 2.2, or 9.0 kg/ha. For 11 yr thereafter, soil and earthworms were analysed for residues. (2) The average ratios of residues in earthworms (dry weight) to residues in soil (dry weight) were: total DDT, 5; dieldrin, 8; and heptachlor epoxide, 10. The average time for the initial residues in soil to be reduced by 50% were: total DDT, 3.2 yr; dieldrin, 5.1 yr; and heptachlor epoxide, 3.2 yr. The corresponding times for residues in earthworms were: total DDT, 3.2 yr; dieldrin, 2.6 yr; and heptachlor epoxide, 3.0 yr. (3) DDE was most persistent, and in plots treated at 9.0 kg/ha its concentration remained constant at about 0.4 ppm in soil and about 7 ppm in earthworms. (4) When applied at 9.0 kg/ha, DDT accumulated in earthworms to concentrations (32 ppm) which laboratory studies have shown to be hazardous to some sensitive bird species. When heptachlor was applied at 2.2 or 9.0 kg/ha, heptachlor epoxide in earthworms reached concentrations (8 ppm) potentially hazardous to woodcock. Dieldrin remained at potentially hazardous concentrations (8 ppm) for 3 yr in plots treated with 2.2 kg/ha and for 11 yr in plots treated with 9.0 kg/ha. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 5221631 |
| Citation Author: | Beyer, W.N.; Gish, C.D. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 307 |
| Citation Issue: | 2 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Journal of Applied Ecology |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 13 |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | 295-307 |
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| Citation Public Comments: | 2325_Beyer.pdf |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Persistence in earthworms and potential hazards to birds of soil applied DDT, dieldrin, and heptachlor; 1980; Article; Journal; Journal of Applied Ecology; Beyer, W.N.; Gish, C.D. |
| Citation Start Page: | 295 |
| Citation Volume: | 17 |
| Citation Year: | 1980 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Persistence in earthworms and potential hazards to birds of soil applied DDT, dieldrin, and heptachlor; 1980; Article; Journal; Journal of Applied Ecology; Beyer, W.N.; Gish, C.D. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://www.jstor.org/stable/2402326 |
| Date Other: | Wed, 16 Jun 2010 12:19 -0500 |
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