| Abstract: | Gray wolves (Canis lupus) were studied from April-1972 through April 1974 in the Superior National Forest in northeastern Minnesota by radio-tracking and simulated howling. Based on replies during 217 of 456 howling sessions, the following recommendations were derived for using simulated howling as a census technique: (1) the best times of day are dusk and night; (2) July, August, and September are the best months; (3) precipitation and winds greater than 12 km/hour should be aVQided; (4) a sequence of 5 single howls should be used, alternating ‘flat‘ and ‘breaking‘ howls; (5) trials should be repeated 3 times at about 2-minute intervals with the first trial at lower volume; and (6) the trial series should be repeated on 3 nights as close to each other as possible. Two censuses are described: a saturation census and a sampling census. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 5221783 |
| Citation Author: | Harrington, F.H.; Mech, L.D. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 693 |
| Citation Issue: | 3 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Journal of Wildlife Management |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 8 |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | 686-693 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | An analysis of howling response parameters useful for wolf pack censusing; 1982; Article; Journal; Journal of Wildlife Management; Harrington, F.H.; Mech, L.D. |
| Citation Start Page: | 686 |
| Citation Volume: | 46 |
| Citation Year: | 1982 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | An analysis of howling response parameters useful for wolf pack censusing; 1982; Article; Journal; Journal of Wildlife Management; Harrington, F.H.; Mech, L.D. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://www.jstor.org/stable/3808560 |
| Date Other: | Wed, 16 Jun 2010 12:19 -0500 |
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