| Abstract: | A systematic field study of a black-billed magpie (P. pica) population revealed that magpies and red-tailed hawks (B. jamaicensis) were killed by famphur (= famophos, Warbex) used as a pour-on to control cattle warbles (Hypoderma sp.). Magpie mortality began on treatment day and continued for more than 3 mo. (38 found death); mortality peaked between Day 5 an Day 13. Estimates of magpie density (based on transects) decreased in both the control and treatment areas, but the decrease was greater in the treatment area. A red-tailed hawk found dead on Day 10 had eaten a famphur-contaminated magpie. Another red-tailed hawk was found alive but immobilized, and a 3rd died outside the study area. Brain cholinesterse (ChE) activity was 70-92% depressed in all dead birds examined; famphur residues were detected in all 17 magpies and the 2 hawks analyzed. The amount of famphur obtained by the dead magpies was estimated at 5.2-6.1 mg/kg (based on residue concentrations in the gizzard), which was above the acute oral LD50 for several bird species. The cow hair portion (12%) of the pooled gizzard contents from 13 other dead magpies produced extremely high famphur residues (4600 ppm). The residues persisted on cattle hair for more than 90 days post-treatment. Magpie populations in the far western states declined between 1968 and 1979, which corresponds with widespread use of famphur, although other factors may be involved. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 5222026 |
| Citation Author: | Henny, C.J.; Blus, L.J.; Kolbe, E.J.; Fitzner, R.E. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 658 |
| Citation Issue: | 3 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Journal of Wildlife Management |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 11 |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | 648-658 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Organophosphate insecticide (famphur) topically applied to cattle kills magpies and hawks; 1985; Article; Journal; Journal of Wildlife Management; Henny, C.J.; Blus, L.J.; Kolbe, E.J.; Fitzner, R.E. |
| Citation Start Page: | 648 |
| Citation Volume: | 49 |
| Citation Year: | 1985 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Organophosphate insecticide (famphur) topically applied to cattle kills magpies and hawks; 1985; Article; Journal; Journal of Wildlife Management; Henny, C.J.; Blus, L.J.; Kolbe, E.J.; Fitzner, R.E. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://www.jstor.org/stable/3801689 |
| Date Other: | Wed, 16 Jun 2010 12:19 -0500 |
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