| Abstract: | This study examines the effects of operational use of pesticides on avian species inhabiting apple orchards in Pennsylvania. Mourning dove (Zenaida rnacroura) and American robin (Turdus migratorius) nests were monitored in three organic and three conventional apple orchards during 1990 and 1991. In 1991 we surveyed the avian communities of these orchards by using line transects. Organophosphorus (OP) (e.g., azinphos-methyl, phosphamidon, parathion, dimethoate), carbamate (CA) (e.g., methomyl, formetanate, oxamyl), and organochlorine (endosulfan) pesticides, known to be highly toxic to birds, were sprayed individually or in mixtures as part of routine pest management as many as 19 times during peaks in breeding activity. Spray card tests revealed that OP pesticides were deposited on 86% of the nests in conventional orchards. Daily survival rates (DSRs) for nests of both species were higher in the organic orchards than in the conventional orchards for 1991 and for years combined (p < 0.05). Species diversity was greater in the organic orchards (H= 2.43) than in the conventional orchards (H=1.79). Repeated applications of pesticides within the conventional orchards reduced the reproductive success of doves and robins and may have lowered avian species diversity compared with organic orchards. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 5223051 |
| Citation Author: | Fluetsch, K.M.; Sparling, D.W. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
| Citation Datum: | |
| Citation Day: | |
| Citation Edition: | |
| Citation Editor: | |
| Citation End Page: | 1659 |
| Citation Issue: | 10 |
| Citation Keywords: | |
| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry |
| Citation LatN: | |
| Citation LatS: | |
| Citation LonE: | |
| Citation LonW: | |
| Citation Month: | |
| Citation No Pagination: | |
| Citation Number Of Pages: | 9 |
| Citation Online Only Flag: | |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | 1651-1659 |
| Citation Projection: | |
| Citation Public Comments: | based on master‘s thesis funded by PWRC: A comparison of the nesting success of mourning doves and American robins in conventionally managed and organic orchards / by Kimberly Morgan Fluetsch. Thesis (M.S.)--University of Maryland at College Park, 1992. vi, 69 leaves. |
| Citation Publisher: | |
| Citation Series: | |
| Citation Series Code: | |
| Citation Series Number: | |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Avian nesting success and diversity in conventionally and organically managed apple orchards; 1994; Article; Journal; Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; Fluetsch, K.M.; Sparling, D.W. |
| Citation Start Page: | 1651 |
| Citation Volume: | 13 |
| Citation Year: | 1994 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Avian nesting success and diversity in conventionally and organically managed apple orchards; 1994; Article; Journal; Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; Fluetsch, K.M.; Sparling, D.W. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/122658370/abstract |
| Date Other: | Wed, 16 Jun 2010 12:17 -0500 |
| Publisher: | |
