| Abstract: | The US Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments of insecticide applications to wild birds using a model that is limited to the dietary route of exposure. However, free-flying birds are also exposed to insecticides via the inhalation and dermal routes. We measured azinphos-methyl residues on the skin plus feathers and the feet of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in order to quantify dermal exposure to songbirds that entered and inhabited an apple (Malus x domestica) orchard following an insecticide application. Exposure to azinphos-methyl was measured by sampling birds from an aviary that was built around an apple tree. Birds sampled at 36 h and 7-day post-application were placed in the aviary within 1 h after the application whereas birds exposed for 3 days were released into the aviary 4-day post-application. Residues on vegetation and soil were also measured. Azinphos-methyl residues were detected from the skin plus feathers and the feet from all exposure periods. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating dermal exposure into avian pesticide risk assessments. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 5224712 |
| Citation Author: | Vyas, N.B.; Spann, J.W.; Hulse, C.S.; Gentry, S.; Borges, S.L. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Patuxent Wildlife Research Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 214 |
| Citation Issue: | 1-3 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 6 |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | 209-214 |
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| Citation Public Comments: | 6659_Vyas.pdf |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Dermal insecticide residues from birds inhabiting an orchard; 2007; Article; Journal; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment; Vyas, N.B.; Spann, J.W.; Hulse, C.S.; Gentry, S.; Borges, S.L. |
| Citation Start Page: | 209 |
| Citation Volume: | 133 |
| Citation Year: | 2007 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Dermal insecticide residues from birds inhabiting an orchard; 2007; Article; Journal; Environmental Monitoring and Assessment; Vyas, N.B.; Spann, J.W.; Hulse, C.S.; Gentry, S.; Borges, S.L. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://www.springerlink.com/content/765177241111m377/ |
| Date Other: | Wed, 16 Jun 2010 12:18 -0500 |
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