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Abstract
Avian botulism is a paralytic, often fatal disease of birds resulting from ingestion of toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Waterfowl die-offs from the botulism are usually caused by type C toxin; sporadic die-offs among fish-eating birds, such as common loons (Gavia immer) and gulls, have been caused by type E toxin.
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Federal Government Series |
| Title | Avian botulism: geographic expansion of a historic disease |
| Series title | Fish and Wildlife Leaflet |
| Series number | 13.2.4 |
| Year Published | 1989 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
| Publisher location | Washington, DC |
| Contributing office(s) | National Wildlife Health Center |
| Description | 6 p. |
| Larger Work Type | Report |
| Larger Work Subtype | Federal Government Series |
| Larger Work Title | Waterfowl Management Handbook |
| Online Only (Y/N) | N |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |