Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey
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Abstract
Analyses of results of the National Geodetic Survey's leveling refraction tests indicate that the standard deviation about the mean (σ) for high-scale minus low-scale rod readings closely correlates with measured refraction error. Use of this relation in conjunction with values for σ obtained from routinely constrained surveys provides a basis for estimating the refraction error associated with levelings of stipulated order and class.
Publication type | Article |
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Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
Title | Empirical estimates of cumulative refraction errors associated with procedurally constrained levelings based on the Gaithersburg- Tucson refraction tests of the National Geodetic Survey |
Series title | Geophysical Research Letters |
DOI | 10.1029/GL012i005p00239 |
Volume | 12 |
Issue | 5 |
Year Published | 1985 |
Language | English |
Publisher | American Geophysical Union |
Description | 4 p. |
First page | 239 |
Last page | 242 |
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