| Abstract: | Ferromanganese oxides in the Tonga-Lau region are divided into crusts and stratabound deposits. Crusts were collected from the Tonga and Lau Ridges and have Fe/Mn ratios greater than 1, and an average Co content of 0.25%. The crusts average less than 10 mm thick with a maximum of 50 mm, and growth rates of tens of millimeters per million years. The thickest crust is probably less than a million years old. Crusts formed by both hydrogenetic and hydrothermal precipitation, with the hydrothermal input averaging 76%. Stratabound deposits are divided into three types. The source rocks through which the circulating fluids passed controlled the dominant minor element compositions of the stratabound deposits from each area: Valu Fa Ridge, Mo; Tonga Ridge Ti; Tonumea, Sr and Eua, V. -from Authors |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70015946 |
| Citation Author: | Hein, J. R.; Schulz, M. S.; Jung-Keuk, Kang |
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| Citation End Page: | 354 |
| Citation Issue: | 3 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Marine Mining |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 50 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region; 1990; Article; Journal; Marine Mining; Hein, J. R.; Schulz, M. S.; Jung-Keuk, Kang |
| Citation Start Page: | 305 |
| Citation Volume: | 9 |
| Citation Year: | 1990 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region; 1990; Article; Journal; Marine Mining; Hein, J. R.; Schulz, M. S.; Jung-Keuk, Kang |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Mon, 1 Jan 1990 00:00 -0600 |
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