Imaging the crustal magma sources beneath Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes, Hawaii
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Abstract
Three-dimensional seismic P-wave traveltime tomography is used to image the magma sources beneath Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes, Hawaii. High-velocity bodies (>6.4 km/s) in the upper 9 km of the crust beneath the summits and rift zones of the volcanoes correlate with zones of high magnetic intensities and are interpreted as solidified gabbro-ultramafic cumulates from which the surface volcanism is derived. The proximity of these high-velocity features to the rift zones is consistent with a ridge-spreading model of the volcanic flank. Southeast of the Hilina fault zone, along the south flank of Kilauea, low-velocity material (<6.0 km/s) is observed extending to depths of 9–11 km, indicating that the Hilina fault may extend possibly as deep as the basal decollement. Along the southeast flank of Mauna Loa, a similar low-velocity zone associated with the Kaoiki fault zone is observed extending to depths of 6–8 km. These two upper crustal low-velocity zones suggest common stages in the evolution of the Hawaiian shield volcanoes in which these fault systems are formed as a result of upper crustal deformation in response to magma injection within the volcanic edifice.
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Imaging the crustal magma sources beneath Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes, Hawaii |
| Series title | Geology |
| DOI | 10.1130/0091-7613(1997)025<0867:ITCMSB>2.3.CO;2 |
| Volume | 25 |
| Issue | 10 |
| Year Published | 1997 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | GSA Publications |
| Contributing office(s) | Volcano Science Center |
| Description | 4 p. |
| First page | 867 |
| Last page | 870 |
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