| Abstract: | The mineral loparite (Ce, NA, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3 is the principal ore of the light-group rare-earth elements (LREE) in Russia. The complex oxide has a perovskite (ABO3) structure with coupled substitutions, polymorphism, defect chemistry and a tendency to become metamict. The A site generally contains weakly bonded, easily exchanged cations of the LREE, Na and Ca. The B site generally contains smaller, highly charged cations of Ti, Nb or Fe+3. Mine production is from Russia‘s Kola Peninsula. Ore is beneficiated to produce a 95% loparite concentrate containing 30% rare-earth oxides. Loparite concentrate is refined by either a chlorination process or acid decomposition process to recover rare-earths, titanium, niobium and tantalum. Rare-earths are separated by solvent extraction and selective precipitation/dissolution. The concentrate is processed at plants in Russia, Estonia and Kazakstan. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70019977 |
| Citation Author: | Hedrick, J. B.; Sinha, S. P.; Kosynkin, V. D. |
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| Citation End Page: | 470 |
| Citation Issue: | 1-2 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Journal of Alloys and Compounds |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 4 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3; 1997; Article; Journal; Journal of Alloys and Compounds; Hedrick, J. B.; Sinha, S. P.; Kosynkin, V. D. |
| Citation Start Page: | 467 |
| Citation Volume: | 250 |
| Citation Year: | 1997 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Loparite, a rare-earth ore (Ce, Na, Sr, Ca)(Ti, Nb, Ta, Fe+3)O3; 1997; Article; Journal; Journal of Alloys and Compounds; Hedrick, J. B.; Sinha, S. P.; Kosynkin, V. D. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Wed, 1 Jan 1997 00:00 -0600 |
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