| Abstract: | The 1993-1995 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, occurred in two distinct phases. Phase 1 of the surge began on the eastern sector in July, 1993 and ended in July, 1994 after a powerful outburst of subglacial meltwater into Tsivat Lake basin on the north side of Weeping Peat Island. Within days, jokulhlaup discharge built a 1.5 km2 delta of ice blocks (25-30 m) buried in outwash. By late October 1994, discharge temporarily shifted to a vent on Weeping Peat Island, where a second smaller outburst dissected the island and built two new sandar. During phase 2, which began in spring 1995 and ended within five months, continuous discharge issued from several vents along the ice front on Weeping Peat Island before returining to the Tsivat Basin. Surge related changes include a five- to six-fold increase in meltwater turbidity; the redirection of supercooled water in two ice-contact lakes; and an increase in the rate of glaciolacustrine sedimentation. US Geological Survey aerial photos by Austin Post show large ice blocks in braided channels indicating excessive subglacial discharge in a similar position adjacent to Weeping Peat Island during the 1966-1967 surge. During the subsequent three decades of retreat, the location of ice-marginal, subglacial discharge vents remained aligned on a linear trend that describes the position of a persistent subglacial conduit system. The presence of a major conduit system, possibly stabilized by subglacial bedrock topography, is suggested by: 1) high-level subglacial meltwater venting along the northern side of Weeping Peat Island during the 1966-1967 surge, 2) persistent low-level discharge between surges, and 3) the recurrence of localizing meltwater outbursts associated with both phases of the 1993-1005 surge. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70020732 |
| Citation Author: | Fleisher, P. J.; Cadwell, D. H.; Muller, E. H. |
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| Citation End Page: | 887 |
| Citation Issue: | 7 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Bulletin of the Geological Society of America |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 11 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska; 1998; Article; Journal; Bulletin of the Geological Society of America; Fleisher, P. J.; Cadwell, D. H.; Muller, E. H. |
| Citation Start Page: | 877 |
| Citation Volume: | 110 |
| Citation Year: | 1998 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Tsivat Basin conduit system persists through two surges, Bering Piedmont Glacier, Alaska; 1998; Article; Journal; Bulletin of the Geological Society of America; Fleisher, P. J.; Cadwell, D. H.; Muller, E. H. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Thu, 1 Jan 1998 00:00 -0600 |
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