| Abstract: | A study of emplacement temperatures was carried out for the largest of the 22 November 1994 nue??e ardente deposits at Merapi Volcano, based mainly on the response of plastic and woody materials subjected to the hot pyroclastic current and the deposits, and to some extent on eyewitness observations. The study emphasizes the Turgo-Kaliurang area in the distal part of the area affected by the nue??e ardente, where nearly 100 casualties occurred. The term nue??e ardente as used here includes channeled block-and-ash flows, and associated ash-clouds of surge and fallout origins. The emplacement temperature of the 8 m thick channeled block-and-ash deposit was relatively high, ???550??C, based mainly on eyewitness reports of visual thermal radiance. Emplacement temperatures for ash-cloud deposits a few cm thick were deduced from polymer objects collected at Turgo and Kaliurang. Most polymers do not display a sharp melting range, but polyethylene terephthalate used in water bottles melts between 245 and 265??C, and parts of the bottles that had been deformed during fabrication molding turn a milky color at 200??C. The experimental evidence suggests that deposits in the Turgo area briefly achieved a maximum temperature near 300??C, whereas those near Kaliurang were <200??C. Maximum ash deposit temperatures occurred in fallout with a local source in the channeled block-and-ash flow of the Boyong river valley; the surge deposit was cooler (???180??C) due to entrainment of cool air and soils, and tree singe-zone temperatures were around 100??C. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70022601 |
| Citation Author: | Voight, B.; Davis, M. J. |
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| Citation End Page: | 377 |
| Citation Issue: | 1-4 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 7 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Emplacement temperatures of the November 22, 1994 nue??e ardente deposits, Merapi Volcano, Java; 2000; Article; Journal; Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research; Voight, B.; Davis, M. J. |
| Citation Start Page: | 371 |
| Citation Volume: | 100 |
| Citation Year: | 2000 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Emplacement temperatures of the November 22, 1994 nue??e ardente deposits, Merapi Volcano, Java; 2000; Article; Journal; Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research; Voight, B.; Davis, M. J. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Sat, 1 Jan 2000 00:00 -0600 |
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