| Abstract: | Nue??es ardentes associated with dome collapse on 22 November 1994, at Merapi volcano traveled to the south-southwest as far as 6.5 km, and collectively accumulated roughly 2.5-3 million cubic meters of deposits. The damaged area comprises 9.5 km2 and is covered by two nue??e ardente facies, a conventional "Merapi-type", valley-fill block-and-ash flow facies and a pyroclastic surge facies. The proximal deposits reflect the accumulation of dozens of nue??es ardentes, with many subsidiary flow units. The distal deposits are more simply organized, as only a few individual events reached to distances > 3.5 km. The stratigraphic relationships north of Turgo hill indicate that the surge deposits are a facies of particularly mobile nue??es ardentes that also deposited channeled block-and-ash flow facies. They further suggest that the surge facies beyond the channel margins correlate laterally with a finer-grained sublayer locally developed at the base of the block-and-ash flow facies. Eyewitness reports suggest that the emplacement of the block-and-ash flow facies in the distal part of the Boyong river may have followed, by a short time interval, the destruction and deposition of the surge facies at Turgo village. The stratigraphy is in accord with the eyewitness reports. The surge facies was emplaced by a dilute surge current, detached from the same dome-collapse nue??e ardente that, as a separate flow unit, subsequently emplaced the distal block-and-ash deposit in the Boyong valley. The detachment occurred at higher elevations, likely at or above the slope break at about 2000 m elevation. This flow separation enabled the surge current to shortcut over the landscape and to emplace its deposit even as the block-and-ash flow continued its tortuous southward movement in the Boyong channel. Dome-collapse nue??e ardente activity formed the bulk of the eruption, which was accompanied by virtually no significant vertical summit explosive activity. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70022630 |
| Citation Author: | Abdurachman, E. K.; Bourdier, J. -L.; Voight, B. |
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| Citation End Page: | 361 |
| Citation Issue: | 1-4 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 17 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Nue??es ardentes of 22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia; 2000; Article; Journal; Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research; Abdurachman, E. K.; Bourdier, J. -L.; Voight, B. |
| Citation Start Page: | 345 |
| Citation Volume: | 100 |
| Citation Year: | 2000 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Nue??es ardentes of 22 November 1994 at Merapi volcano, Java, Indonesia; 2000; Article; Journal; Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research; Abdurachman, E. K.; Bourdier, J. -L.; Voight, B. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Sat, 1 Jan 2000 00:00 -0600 |
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