| Abstract: | We determined production and survival of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) calves in Michigan using a variety of methods to index herd productivity. Calf production in Michigan was comparable with the highest rates ever recorded for North American elk. Calf survival averaged 0.90 (SD = 0.05), 0.97 (SD = 0.04) and 0.87 (SD = 0.05) for summer, winter and annually, 1987-1991. Calf survival rates in Michigan were higher than in other North American elk populations. Continued high calf production, in combination with high calf survival, indicates that elk condition is excellent in Michigan, as habitat quality allows cow elk to breed and successfully raise a calf, essentially every year, despite the high energetic demands associated with late gestation and lactation. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70024533 |
| Citation Author: | Bender, L. C.; Carlson, E.; Schmitt, S. M.; Haufler, J. B. |
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| Citation End Page: | 171 |
| Citation Issue: | 1 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | American Midland Naturalist |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 9 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Production and survival of elk (Cervus elaphus) calves in Michigan; 2002; Article; Journal; American Midland Naturalist; Bender, L. C.; Carlson, E.; Schmitt, S. M.; Haufler, J. B. |
| Citation Start Page: | 163 |
| Citation Volume: | 148 |
| Citation Year: | 2002 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Production and survival of elk (Cervus elaphus) calves in Michigan; 2002; Article; Journal; American Midland Naturalist; Bender, L. C.; Carlson, E.; Schmitt, S. M.; Haufler, J. B. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| Date Other: | Tue, 1 Jan 2002 00:00 -0600 |
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