| Abstract: | Before the August 1999 Izmit (Kocaeli), Turkey, earthquake, theoretical studies of earthquake ruptures and geological observations had provided estimates of how far an earthquake might jump to get to a neighboring fault. Both numerical simulations and geological observations suggested that 5 km might be the upper limit if there were no transfer faults. The Izmit earthquake appears to have followed these expectations. It did not jump across any step-over wider than 5 km and was instead stopped by a narrower step-over at its eastern end and possibly by a stress shadow caused by a historic large earthquake at its western end. Our 3D spontaneous rupture simulations of the 1999 Izmit earthquake provide two new insights: (1) the west- to east-striking fault segments of this part of the North Anatolian fault are oriented so as to be low-stress faults and (2) the easternmost segment involved in the August 1999 rupture may be dipping. An interesting feature of the Izmit earthquake is that a 5-km-long gap in surface rupture and an adjacent 25° restraining bend in the fault zone did not stop the earthquake. The latter observation is a warning that significant fault bends in strike-slip faults may not arrest future earthquakes. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70024889 |
| Citation Author: | Harris, R. A.; Dolan, J. F.; Hartleb, R.; Day, S. M. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Earthquake Science Center |
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| Citation End Page: | 255 |
| Citation Issue: | 1 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |
| Citation LatN: | 40.805401 |
| Citation LatS: | 40.736827 |
| Citation LonE: | 30.014834 |
| Citation LonW: | 29.854168 |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | 11 p. |
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| Citation Publisher: | Seismological Society of America |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: A 3D dynamic stress transfer model of intraearthquake triggering; 2002; Article; Journal; Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; Harris, R. A.; Dolan, J. F.; Hartleb, R.; Day, S. M. |
| Citation Start Page: | 245 |
| Citation Volume: | 92 |
| Citation Year: | 2002 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | The 1999 Izmit, Turkey, earthquake: A 3D dynamic stress transfer model of intraearthquake triggering; 2002; Article; Journal; Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; Harris, R. A.; Dolan, J. F.; Hartleb, R.; Day, S. M. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000825 |
| Date Other: | Tue, 1 Jan 2002 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | Seismological Society of America |
