Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective
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Abstract
On January 29 30, 1997, prolonged steady-state effusion of lava from Pu'u'O'o was briefly disrupted by shallow extension beneath Napau Crater, 1 4 km uprift of the active Kilauea vent. A 23-h-long eruption (episode 54) ensued from fissures that were overlapping or en echelon with eruptive fissures formed during episode 1 in 1983 and those of earlier rift zone eruptions in 1963 and 1968. Combined geophysical and petrologic data for the 1994 1999 eruptive interval, including episode 54, reveal a variety of shallow magmatic conditions that persist in association with prolonged rift zone eruption. Near-vent lava samples document a significant range in composition, temperature and crystallinity of pre-eruptive magma. As supported by phenocryst liquid relations and Kilauea mineral thermometers established herein, the rift zone extension that led to episode 54 resulted in mixture of near-cotectic magma with discrete magma bodies cooled to ≤1100°C. Mixing models indicate that magmas isolated beneath Napau Crater since 1963 and 1968 constituted 32 65% of the hybrid mixtures erupted during episode 54. Geophysical measurements support passive displacement of open-system magma along the active east rift conduit into closed-system rift-reservoirs along a shallow zone of extension. Geophysical and petrologic data for early episode 55 document the gradual flushing of episode 54 related magma during magmatic recharge of the edifice.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Kilauea east rift zone magmatism: An episode 54 perspective |
| Series title | Journal of Petrology |
| DOI | 10.1093/petrology/egg048 |
| Volume | 44 |
| Issue | 9 |
| Year Published | 2003 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Oxford Academic |
| Description | 35 p. |
| First page | 1525 |
| Last page | 1559 |
| Country | United States |
| State | Hawaii |
| Other Geospatial | Kilauea East Rift Zone |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |