| Abstract: | Beginning ca. A.D. 1400, Polynesian farmers established permanent settlements along the arid southern flank of Haleakala Volcano, Maui, Hawaiian Islands; peak population density (43-57 persons per km2) was achieved by A.D. 1700-1800, and it was followed by the devastating effects of European contact. This settlement, based on dryland agriculture with sweet potato as a main crop, is represented by >3,000 archaeological features investigated to date. Geological and environmental factors are the most important influence on Polynesian farming and settlement practices in an agriculturally marginal landscape. Interactions between lava flows, whose ages range from 3,000 to 226,000 years, and differences in rainfall create an environmental mosaic that constrained precontact Polynesian farming practices to a zone defined by aridity at low elevation and depleted soil nutrients at high elevation. Within this productive zone, however, large-scale agriculture was concentrated on older, tephra-blanketed lava flows; younger flows were reserved for residential sites, small ritual gardens, and agricultural temples. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70026984 |
| Citation Author: | Kirch, P. V.; Hartshorn, A. S.; Chadwick, O. A.; Vitousek, P. M.; Sherrod, D. R.; Coil, J.; Holm, L.; Sharp, W. D. |
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| Citation End Page: | 9941 |
| Citation Issue: | 26 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 6 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape; 2004; Article; Journal; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Kirch, P. V.; Hartshorn, A. S.; Chadwick, O. A.; Vitousek, P. M.; Sherrod, D. R.; Coil, J.; Holm, L.; Sharp, W. D. |
| Citation Start Page: | 9936 |
| Citation Volume: | 101 |
| Citation Year: | 2004 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Environment, agriculture, and settlement patterns in a marginal Polynesian landscape; 2004; Article; Journal; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America; Kirch, P. V.; Hartshorn, A. S.; Chadwick, O. A.; Vitousek, P. M.; Sherrod, D. R.; Coil, J.; Holm, L.; Sharp, W. D. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403470101 |
| Date Other: | Thu, 1 Jan 2004 00:00 -0600 |
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