Acute and chronic toxicity of lead in water and diet to the amphipod Hyalella azteca

Besser, J. M.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; Brunson, E. L.; Ingersoll, C. G.

Abstract:

We evaluated the influence of waterborne and dietary lead (Pb) exposure on the acute and chronic toxicity of Pb to the amphipod Hyalella azteca. Test solutions were generated by a modified diluter with an extended (24-h) equilibration period. Acute (96-h) toxicity of Pb varied with water hardness in the range of 71 to 275 mg/L as CaCO3, despite similar dissolved Pb concentrations. Acute toxicity was greatest in soft test water, with less than 50% survival at the lowest dissolved Pb concentration (151 ??g/L). Survival also was significantly reduced in medium-hardness water but not in hard test water. In chronic (42-d) studies, amphipods were exposed to waterborne Pb and fed either a control diet or a diet equilibrated with waterborne Pb levels. For animals fed the control diet, the median lethal concentration (LC50) for Pb was 24 ??g/L (as dissolved Pb), and significant reductions in survival occurred at 16 ??g/L. Exposure to Pb-treated diets significantly increased toxicity across a wide range of dissolved Pb concentrations, with a LC50 of 16 ??g/L and significant reductions in growth and reproduction at 3.5 ??g/L. Significant effects on growth and reproduction occurred at dissolved Pb concentrations close to the current U.S. chronic water-quality criterion. Our results suggest that both aqueous- and dietary-exposure pathways contribute significantly to chronic Pb exposure and toxic effects in aquatic biota. ?? 2005 SETAC.

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Article

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70029640

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Besser, J. M.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; Brunson, E. L.; Ingersoll, C. G.

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1815

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English

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Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

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Acute and chronic toxicity of lead in water and diet to the amphipod Hyalella azteca; 2005; Article; Journal; Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry; Besser, J. M.; Brumbaugh, W. G.; Brunson, E. L.; Ingersoll, C. G.