| Abstract: | Excess pore-water pressure and liquefaction at the Wildlife Liquefaction Array in 1987 were caused by deformation associated with both high-frequency strong ground motion and 5.5-second-period Love waves. The Love waves produced large (???1.5%) cyclic shear strains well after the stronger high-frequency ground motion abated. These cyclic strains generated approximately from 13 to 35% of the excess pore-water pressure in the liquefied layer and caused excess pore-water pressures ultimately to reach effective overburden stress. The deformation associated with the Love waves explains the "postearthquake" increase of pore-water pressure that was recorded at the array. This explanation suggests that conventional methods for predicting liquefaction based on peak ground acceleration are incomplete and may need to consider cyclic strains associated with long-period surface waves. A post-earthquake survey of an inclinometer casing indicated permanent shear strain associated with lateral spreading primarily occurred in the upper part of the liquefied layer. Comparison of cone penetration test soundings conducted after the earthquake with pre-earthquake soundings suggests sleeve friction increased. Natural lateral variability of the liquefied layer obscured changes in tip resistance despite a ???1% reduction in volume. The large oscillatory motion associated with surface waves explains ground oscillation that has been reported at some liquefaction sites during earthquakes. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70029844 |
| Citation Author: | Holzer, T. L.; Youd, T. L. |
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| Citation End Page: | 976 |
| Citation Issue: | 3 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 16 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Liquefaction, ground oscillation, and soil deformation at the Wildlife Array, California; 2007; Article; Journal; Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; Holzer, T. L.; Youd, T. L. |
| Citation Start Page: | 961 |
| Citation Volume: | 97 |
| Citation Year: | 2007 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Liquefaction, ground oscillation, and soil deformation at the Wildlife Array, California; 2007; Article; Journal; Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America; Holzer, T. L.; Youd, T. L. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120060156 |
| Date Other: | Mon, 1 Jan 2007 00:00 -0600 |
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