| Abstract: | Roads generate a variety of influences on wildlife populations; however, little is known about the effects of roads on endemic wildlife on islands. Specifically, road-kills of island foxes (Urocyon littoralis) on San Clemente Island (SCI), Channel Islands, California, USA are a concern for resource managers. To determine the effects of roads on island foxes, we radiocollared foxes using a 3-tiered sampling design to represent the entire population in the study area, a sub-population near roads, and a sub-population away from roads on SCI. We examined annual survival rates using nest-survival models, causes of mortalities, and movements for each sample. We found the population had high annual survival (0.90), although survival declined with use of road habitat, particularly for intermediate-aged foxes. Foxes living near roads suffered lower annual survival (0.76), resulting from high frequencies of road-kills (7 of 11 mortalities). Foxes living away from roads had the highest annual survival (0.97). Road-kill was the most prominent cause of mortality detected on SCI, which we estimated as killing 3-8% of the population in the study area annually. Based on movements, we were unable to detect any responses by foxes that minimized their risks from roads. The probabilities of road-kills increased with use of the road habitat, volume of traffic, and decreasing road sinuosity. We recommend that managers should attempt to reduce road-kills by deterring or excluding foxes from entering roads, and attempting to modify behaviors of motorists to be vigilant for foxes. ?? 2011 The Wildlife Society. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70032372 |
| Citation Author: | Snow, N. P.; Andelt, W. F.; Stanley, T. R.; Resnik, J. R.; Munson, L. |
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| Citation End Page: | 252 |
| Citation Issue: | 2 |
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| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Journal of Wildlife Management |
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| Citation Number Of Pages: | 10 |
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| Citation Search Results Text: | Effects of roads on survival of San Clemente Island foxes; 2012; Article; Journal; Journal of Wildlife Management; Snow, N. P.; Andelt, W. F.; Stanley, T. R.; Resnik, J. R.; Munson, L. |
| Citation Start Page: | 243 |
| Citation Volume: | 76 |
| Citation Year: | 2012 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Effects of roads on survival of San Clemente Island foxes; 2012; Article; Journal; Journal of Wildlife Management; Snow, N. P.; Andelt, W. F.; Stanley, T. R.; Resnik, J. R.; Munson, L. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.247 |
| Date Other: | Sun, 1 Jan 2012 00:00 -0600 |
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