| Abstract: | Understanding haul-out behavior of ice-associated pinnipeds is essential for designing and interpreting popula-tion surveys and for assessing effects of potential changes in their ice environments. We used satellite-linked transmitters to obtain sequential information about location and haul-out state for Pacific walruses, Odobenus rosmarus divergens (Il-liger, 1815), in the Bering Sea during April of 2004, 2005, and 2006. We used these data in a generalized mixed model of haul-out bout durations and a hierarchical Bayesian model of haul-out probabilities to assess factors related to walrus haul-out behavior, and provide the first predictive model of walrus haul-out behavior in sea ice habitat. Average haul-out bout duration was 9 h, but durations of haul-out bouts tended to increase with durations of preceding in-water bouts. On aver-age, tagged walruses spent only about 17% of their time hauled out on sea ice. Probability of being hauled out decreased with wind speed, increased with temperature, and followed a diurnal cycle with the highest values in the evening. Our haul-out probability model can be used to estimate the proportion of the population that is unavailable for detection in spring surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice. |
| Genre: | Article |
| ProdID: | 70035903 |
| Citation Author: | Udevitz, M. S.; Jay, C. V.; Fischbach, A. S.; Garlich-Miller, J. L. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | |
| Citation Datum: | |
| Citation Day: | |
| Citation Edition: | |
| Citation Editor: | |
| Citation End Page: | 1128 |
| Citation Issue: | 12 |
| Citation Keywords: | |
| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | Canadian Journal of Zoology |
| Citation LatN: | |
| Citation LatS: | |
| Citation LonE: | |
| Citation LonW: | |
| Citation Month: | |
| Citation No Pagination: | |
| Citation Number Of Pages: | 18 |
| Citation Online Only Flag: | |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | |
| Citation Projection: | |
| Citation Public Comments: | |
| Citation Publisher: | |
| Citation Series: | |
| Citation Series Code: | |
| Citation Series Number: | |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice; 2009; Article; Journal; Canadian Journal of Zoology; Udevitz, M. S.; Jay, C. V.; Fischbach, A. S.; Garlich-Miller, J. L. |
| Citation Start Page: | 1111 |
| Citation Volume: | 87 |
| Citation Year: | 2009 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Modeling haul-out behavior of walruses in Bering Sea ice; 2009; Article; Journal; Canadian Journal of Zoology; Udevitz, M. S.; Jay, C. V.; Fischbach, A. S.; Garlich-Miller, J. L. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg |
| URL (DIGITAL OBJECT IDENTIFIER): | http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z09-098 |
| Date Other: | Thu, 1 Jan 2009 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | |
