Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin

Sturchio, N. C.; Caffee, M.; Beloso, Jr. , A. D.; Heraty, L. J.; Bohlke, J. K.; Hatzinger, P. B.; Jackson, W. A.; Gu, B.; Heikoop, J. M.; Dale, M.

Abstract:

Perchlorate (ClO₄^-) is ubiquitous in the environment. It is produced naturally by atmospheric photochemical reactions, and also is synthesized in large quantities for military, aerospace, and industrial applications. Nitrate-enriched salt deposits of the Atacama Desert (Chile) contain high concentrations of natural ClO₄^-, and have been exported worldwide since the mid-1800s for use in agriculture. The widespread introduction of synthetic and agricultural ClO₄^- into the environment has contaminated numerous municipal water supplies. Stable isotope ratio measurements of Cl and O have been applied for discrimination of different ClO₄^- sources in the environment. This study explores the potential of ³⁶Cl measurements for further improving the discrimination of ClO₄^- sources. Groundwater and desert soil samples from the southwestern United States (U.S.) contain ClO₄^- having high ³⁶Cl abundances (³⁶Cl/Cl = 3100 ?? 10^-15 to 28,800 ?? 10 ^-15), compared with those from the Atacama Desert (³⁶Cl/Cl = 0.9 ?? 10^-15 to 590 ?? 10^-15) and synthetic ClO₄^- reagents and products (³⁶Cl/Cl = 0.0 ?? 10^-15 to 40 ?? 10¹⁵). In conjunction with stable Cl and O isotope ratios, ³⁶Cl data provide a clear distinction among three principal. ClO₄^- source types in the environment of the southwestern U.S. ?? 2009 American Chemical Society.

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Article

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70036777

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Sturchio, N. C.; Caffee, M.; Beloso, Jr. , A. D.; Heraty, L. J.; Bohlke, J. K.; Hatzinger, P. B.; Jackson, W. A.; Gu, B.; Heikoop, J. M.; Dale, M.

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6938

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English

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Environmental Science and Technology

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Chlorine-36 as a tracer of perchlorate origin; 2009; Article; Journal; Environmental Science and Technology; Sturchio, N. C.; Caffee, M.; Beloso, Jr. , A. D.; Heraty, L. J.; Bohlke, J. K.; Hatzinger, P. B.; Jackson, W. A.; Gu, B.; Heikoop, J. M.; Dale, M.