Subduction cycles under western North America during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras

Special Papers of the Geological Society of America
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Edited by: David M. Miller and Cathy Busby

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Abstract

An extensive review of geologic and tectonic features of western North America suggests that the interaction of oceanic plates with the continent follows a broad cyclical pattern. In a typical cycle, periods of rapid subduction (7–15 cm/yr), andesitic volcanism, and trench-normal contraction are followed by a shift to trench-normal extension, the onset of voluminous silicic volcanism, formation of large calderas, and the creation of major batholiths. Extension becomes pervasive in metamorphic core complexes, and there is a shift to fundamentally basaltic volcanism, formation of flood basalts, widespread rifting, rotation of terranes, and extensive circulation of fluids throughout the plate margin. Strike-slip faulting becomes widespread with the creation of new tectonostratigraphic terranes. A new subduction zone forms and the cycle repeats. Each cycle is 50–80 m.y. long; cycles since the Triassic have ended and begun at approximately 225, 152, 92, 44, and 15 Ma. The youngest two cycles are diachronous, one from Oregon to Alaska, the other from central Mexico to California. The transitions from one cycle to the next cycle are characterized by rapid and pervasive changes termed, in this chapter, “major chaotic tectonic events.” These events appear to be related to the necking or breaking apart of the formerly subducted slab at shallow depth, the resulting delamination of the plate margin, and the onset of a new subduction cycle. These are times of the most rapid apparent and true polar wander of the North American plate, when the plate appears most free to move relative to surrounding plates and relative to the mantle below the asthenosphere. In western North America, magmatism and tectonics during the Jurassic period are quite similar to magmatism and tectonics since mid-Cretaceous time except strike-slip faulting shifted in sense from left lateral to right lateral.

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Publication type Book chapter
Publication Subtype Book Chapter
Title Subduction cycles under western North America during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras
Series title Special Papers of the Geological Society of America
DOI 10.1130/SPE299-p1
Volume 299
Year Published 1995
Language English
Publisher Geological Society of America
Description 46 p.
Larger Work Type Book
Larger Work Subtype Monograph
Larger Work Title Jurassic magmatism and tectonics of the North American cordillera
First page 1
Last page 46
Country Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, United States
Other Geospatial North America, Pacific Ocean
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