| Abstract: | This report is an introduction to surface geophysical techniques that aggregate producers can use to characterize known deposits of sand and gravel. Five well-established and well-tested geophysical methods are presented: seismic refraction and reflection, resistivity, ground penetrating radar, time-domain electromagnetism, and frequency-domain electromagnetism. Depending on site conditions and the selected method(s), geophysical surveys can provide information concerning areal extent and thickness of the deposit, thickness of overburden, depth to the water table, critical geologic contacts, and location and correlation of geologic features. In addition, geophysical surveys can be conducted prior to intensive drilling to help locate auger or drill holes, reduce the number of drill holes required, calculate stripping ratios to help manage mining costs, and provide continuity between sampling sites to upgrade the confidence of reserve calculations from probable reserves to proved reserves. Perhaps the greatest value of geophysics to aggregate producers may be the speed of data acquisition, reduced overall costs, and improved subsurface characterization. |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 79986 |
| Citation Author: | Lucius, Jeffrey E.; Langer, William H.; Ellefsen, Karl J. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Geological Survey (U.S.) |
| Citation Datum: | |
| Citation Day: | |
| Citation Edition: | - |
| Citation Editor: | |
| Citation End Page: | |
| Citation Issue: | |
| Citation Keywords: | |
| Citation Language: | ENGLISH |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | |
| Citation LatN: | |
| Citation LatS: | |
| Citation LonE: | |
| Citation LonW: | |
| Citation Month: | |
| Citation No Pagination: | |
| Citation Number Of Pages: | |
| Citation Online Only Flag: | |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | vi, 33 p. |
| Citation Projection: | |
| Citation Public Comments: | |
| Citation Publisher: | Geological Survey (U.S.) |
| Citation Series: | Circular |
| Citation Series Code: | CIR |
| Citation Series Number: | 1310 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | An Introduction to Using Surface Geophysics to Characterize Sand and Gravel Deposits; 2007; CIR; 1310; Lucius, Jeffrey E.; Langer, William H.; Ellefsen, Karl J. |
| Citation Start Page: | |
| Citation Volume: | |
| Citation Year: | 2007 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | An Introduction to Using Surface Geophysics to Characterize Sand and Gravel Deposits; 2007; CIR; 1310; Lucius, Jeffrey E.; Langer, William H.; Ellefsen, Karl J. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg |
| URL (INDEX PAGE): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/2007/1310/ |
| Date Other: | Wed, 30 May 2007 00:00 -0500 |
| Publisher: | Geological Survey (U.S.) |
