An Introduction to Using Surface Geophysics to Characterize Sand and Gravel Deposits
Circular
1310
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Abstract
This report is an introduction to surface geophysical techniques that aggregate producers can use to characterize known deposits of sand and gravel. Five well-established and well-tested geophysical methods are presented: seismic refraction and reflection, resistivity, ground penetrating radar, time-domain electromagnetism, and frequency-domain electromagnetism. Depending on site conditions and the selected method(s), geophysical surveys can provide information concerning areal extent and thickness of the deposit, thickness of overburden, depth to the water table, critical geologic contacts, and location and correlation of geologic features. In addition, geophysical surveys can be conducted prior to intensive drilling to help locate auger or drill holes, reduce the number of drill holes required, calculate stripping ratios to help manage mining costs, and provide continuity between sampling sites to upgrade the confidence of reserve calculations from probable reserves to proved reserves. Perhaps the greatest value of geophysics to aggregate producers may be the speed of data acquisition, reduced overall costs, and improved subsurface characterization.
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | An Introduction to Using Surface Geophysics to Characterize Sand and Gravel Deposits |
| Series title | Circular |
| Series number | 1310 |
| ISBN | 9781411318410 |
| DOI | 10.3133/cir1310 |
| Edition | - |
| Year Published | 2007 |
| Language | ENGLISH |
| Publisher | Geological Survey (U.S.) |
| Contributing office(s) | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Description | vi, 33 p. |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |