| Abstract: | The groundwater component of streamflow is important because it is indicative of the sustained flow of a stream during dry periods, is often of better quality, and has a smaller range of temperatures, than surface contributions to streamflow. All three of these characteristics are important to the health of aquatic life in a stream. If recharge to the aquifers is to be preserved or enhanced, it is important to understand the present partitioning of total streamflow into base flow and stormflow. Additionally, an estimate of groundwater recharge is important for understanding the flows within a groundwater system-information important for water availability/sustainability or other assessments. The U.S. Geological Survey operates numerous continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations (Hirsch and Norris, 2001), which can be used to provide estimates of average annual base flow. In addition to these continuous record sites, Gebert and others (2007) showed that having a few streamflow measurements in a basin can appreciably reduce the error in a base-flow estimate for that basin. Therefore, in addition to the continuous-record gaging stations, a substantial number of low-flow partial-record sites (6 to 15 discharge measurements) and miscellaneous-measurement sites (1 to 3 discharge measurements) that were operated during 1964-90 throughout the State were included in this work to provide additional insight into spatial distribution of annual base flow and, in turn, groundwater recharge. |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 70005278 |
| Citation Author: | Gebert, Warren A.; Walker, John F.; Hunt, Randall J. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Wisconsin Water Science Center |
| Citation Datum: | |
| Citation Day: | |
| Citation Edition: | |
| Citation Editor: | |
| Citation End Page: | 4 |
| Citation Issue: | |
| Citation Keywords: | |
| Citation Language: | English |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | |
| Citation LatN: | 0470000 |
| Citation LatS: | 0420000 |
| Citation LonE: | -0860000 |
| Citation LonW: | -0930000 |
| Citation Month: | |
| Citation No Pagination: | Y |
| Citation Number Of Pages: | 4 |
| Citation Online Only Flag: | N |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | 4 p. |
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| Citation Public Comments: | |
| Citation Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Citation Series: | Fact Sheet |
| Citation Series Code: | FS |
| Citation Series Number: | 2009-3092 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Groundwater recharge in Wisconsin--Annual estimates for 1970-99 using streamflow data; 2011; FS; 2009-3092; Gebert, Warren A.; Walker, John F.; Hunt, Randall J. |
| Citation Start Page: | 1 |
| Citation Volume: | |
| Citation Year: | 2011 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Groundwater recharge in Wisconsin--Annual estimates for 1970-99 using streamflow data; 2011; FS; 2009-3092; Gebert, Warren A.; Walker, John F.; Hunt, Randall J. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3092.gif |
| URL (INDEX PAGE): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3092/ |
| Date Other: | Fri, 26 Aug 2011 00:00 -0500 |
| Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey |
