| Abstract: | Commemorating the 30th anniversary of the 1980 eruptions of Mount St. Helens
1-During the past 4,000 years, Mount St. Helens has erupted more frequently than any other volcano in the Cascade Range.
2-Most of Mount St. Helens is younger than 3,000 years old (younger than the pyramids of Egypt).
3-Some Native American names that refer to smoke at the volcano include- Lawala Clough, Low-We- Lat-Klah, Low-We-Not- Thlat, Loowit, Loo-wit, Loo-wit Lat-kla, and Louwala-Clough.
4-3,600 years ago-Native Americans abandoned hunting grounds devastated by an enormous eruption four times larger than the May 18, 1980 eruption.
5-1792-Captain George Vancouver named the volcano for Britain‘s ambassador to Spain, Alleyne Fitzherbert, also known as Baron St. Helens.
6-1975-U.S. Geological Survey geologists forecasted that Mount St. Helens would erupt again, ‘possibly before the end of the century.‘
7-March 20, 1980-A magnitude 4.2 earthquake signaled the reawakening of the volcano after 123 years.
8-Spring 1980-Rising magma pushed the volcano‘s north flank outward 5 feet per day.
9-Morning of May 18, 1980- The largest terrestrial landslide in recorded history reduced the summit by 1,300 feet and triggered a lateral blast.
10-Within 3 minutes, the lateral blast, traveling at more than 300 miles per hour, blew down and scorched 230 square miles of forest.
11-Within 15 minutes, a vertical plume of volcanic ash rose over 80,000 feet.
12-Afternoon of May 18, 1980-The dense ash cloud turned daylight into darkness in eastern Washington, causing streetlights to turn on in Yakima and Ritzville.
13-The volcanic ash cloud drifted east across the United States in 3 days and encircled Earth in 15 days.
14-Lahars (volcanic mudflows) filled rivers with rocks, sand, and mud, damaging 27 bridges and 200 homes and forcing 31 ships to remain in ports upstream.
15-The May 18, 1980 eruption was the most economically destructive volcanic event in U.S. history.
16-Small plants and trees beneath winter snow, and roots protected by soil, survived the May 18, 1980 eruption and now thrive.
17-Thousands of birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and millions of hatchery fingerlings perished in the eruption.
18-Late May 1980-Wind-dispersed spiders and scavenging beetles were among the first animals to return to the Mount St. Helens area.
19-The landscape devastated by the eruption has evolved into a rich and diverse habitat for plants and animals.
20-Effects of the May 18, 1980 eruption continue today. Biologists help wild salmon and steelhead by giving them a tank-truck ride to the pristine, clear creeks above sediment-choked rivers.
21-Late spring through fall 1980-Explosive eruptions on May 25, June 12, July 22, August 7, and October 16-18 rocked Mount St. Helens and sent ash to distant communities.
22-1982-Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument was established for all to observe both the awesome destruction and the remarkable recovery of plants and animals.
23-October 1980 to 1986- Over the course of 17 episodes, lava eruptions began filling the crater, building a lava dome that reached 876 feet above the crater floor.
24-Since 1986, snow and rock accumulating in the deep, shaded crater formed Crater Glacier, the youngest glacier on Earth.
25-September 2004-Mount St. Helens reawakened, and it erupted continuously until January 2008.
26-October 2004 to January 2008-Growing lava domes displaced and then divided Crater Glacier into east and west lobes. The ice lobes moved downslope as fast as 6 feet per day, converging below the lava dome a little more than three years later.
27-During the 2004 to 2008 eruptions-Mount St. Helens settled one half inch due to magma withdrawal beneath the volcano.
28-The Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument that detected the settling of Mount St. Helens can detect movement of as little as 1/16 of an inch and uses less power than a refrigerator lightbulb.
29-During the 1980 to 1 |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 98394 |
| Citation Author: | Driedger, Carolyn. ; Westby Liz ; Faust, Lisa ; Frenzen, Peter ; Bennett, Jeanne ; Clynne, Michael |
| Citation Contributing Office: | Volcano Science Center |
| Citation Datum: | |
| Citation Day: | |
| Citation Edition: | - |
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| Citation Keywords: | |
| Citation Language: | ENGLISH |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | |
| Citation LatN: | 0463000 |
| Citation LatS: | 0450000 |
| Citation LonE: | -1213000 |
| Citation LonW: | -1230000 |
| Citation Month: | |
| Citation No Pagination: | Y |
| Citation Number Of Pages: | |
| Citation Online Only Flag: | N |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | Poster, 1 sheet: 23.95 x 32.22 inches |
| Citation Projection: | |
| Citation Public Comments: | In cooperation with the U.S. Forest Service and Mount St. Helens Institute |
| Citation Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Citation Series: | General Information Product |
| Citation Series Code: | GIP |
| Citation Series Number: | 103 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | 30 Cool Facts about Mount St. Helens; 2010; GIP; 103; Driedger, Carolyn. ; Westby Liz ; Faust, Lisa ; Frenzen, Peter ; Bennett, Jeanne ; Clynne, Michael |
| Citation Start Page: | |
| Citation Volume: | |
| Citation Year: | 2010 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | 30 Cool Facts about Mount St. Helens; 2010; GIP; 103; Driedger, Carolyn. ; Westby Liz ; Faust, Lisa ; Frenzen, Peter ; Bennett, Jeanne ; Clynne, Michael |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_103.jpg |
| URL (INDEX PAGE): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/103/ |
| Date Other: | Tue, 18 May 2010 00:00 -0500 |
| Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey |
