Monte Carlo method for determining earthquake recurrence parameters from short paleoseismic catalogs: Example calculations for California

Open-File Report 2007-1437-C
Prepared in cooperation with the California Geological Survey and the Southern California Earthquake Center
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Abstract

Paleoearthquake observations often lack enough events at a given site to directly define a probability density function (PDF) for earthquake recurrence. Sites with fewer than 10-15 intervals do not provide enough information to reliably determine the shape of the PDF using standard maximum-likelihood techniques [e.g., Ellsworth et al., 1999]. In this paper I present a method that attempts to fit wide ranges of distribution parameters to short paleoseismic series. From repeated Monte Carlo draws, it becomes possible to quantitatively estimate most likely recurrence PDF parameters, and a ranked distribution of parameters is returned that can be used to assess uncertainties in hazard calculations. In tests on short synthetic earthquake series, the method gives results that cluster around the mean of the input distribution, whereas maximum likelihood methods return the sample means [e.g., NIST/SEMATECH, 2006]. For short series (fewer than 10 intervals), sample means tend to reflect the median of an asymmetric recurrence distribution, possibly leading to an overestimate of the hazard should they be used in probability calculations. Therefore a Monte Carlo approach may be useful for assessing recurrence from limited paleoearthquake records. Further, the degree of functional dependence among parameters like mean recurrence interval and coefficient of variation can be established. The method is described for use with time-independent and time-dependent PDF?s, and results from 19 paleoseismic sequences on strike-slip faults throughout the state of California are given.
Publication type Report
Publication Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Title Monte Carlo method for determining earthquake recurrence parameters from short paleoseismic catalogs: Example calculations for California
Series title Open-File Report
Series number 2007-1437
Chapter C
DOI 10.3133/ofr20071437C
Edition Version 1.0
Year Published 2008
Language English
Publisher U.S. Geological Survey
Publisher location Reston, VA
Contributing office(s) Earthquake Hazards Program, Earthquake Science Center
Description iii, 29 p.
Larger Work Type Report
Larger Work Subtype USGS Numbered Series
Larger Work Title Appendix C in The Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast, Version 2 (UCERF 2)
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