| Abstract: | This report presents the annual results of the U.S. Geological Survey‘s (USGS) watershed-management evaluation monitoring program in Wisconsin. The overall objective of each individual project in the program is to determine if the water chemistry in the receiving stream has changed as a result of the implementation of land-management practices in the watershed. This is accomplished through monitoring of water chemistry and ancillary variables before best-management practices (BMP‘s) are installed (‘pre-BMP‘), during installation (‘transitional‘), and after (‘post-BMP‘) watershed- management plans have been completely implemented. Fecal-coliform (FC) counts ranged between 10 and 310,00/100 mL. A large range of values occurred within duplicate and triplicate samples as well as over time. The median percentage difference between duplicate and triplicate samples was 17 percent although 4 out of the total 60 duplicate and triplicate samples had differences greater than 100 percent. A decrease in FC counts generally occurred over the duration of the 4-day analyses. Linear regression models of the log-concentration values (dependent variable) with respect to time (independent variable) were calculated for all samples. Negative slopes were found for 14 of the 15 samples. Slopes varied from +0.5 to -38.4 percent gain/loss/day, with a median slope of -8.5 percent/day. A t-test was applied to the data to examine whether or not significant differences in FC counts exist with respect to holding times. Because the T-test only compares two treatments, the test was conducted 3 times (0 versus 24-hr holding time, 0 versus 48-hr holding time, and 0 versus 72-hr holding time). Setting the level of significance at p less than 0.05 and assuming equal variances, 27 percent (all from Bower and Otter Creeks) of the samples demonstrated a significant difference in colony count over the first 24 hr, 40 percent over 48 hr, and 47 percent over 72 hr. All samples that exhibited a significant change in colony count were because of a decrease in colony count of the sample. |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 17100 |
| Citation Author: | Graczyk, D. J.; Walker, J. F.; Greb, S. R.; Corsi, Steven R.; Owens, D. W. |
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| Citation Language: | ENGLISH |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | vi, 48 p. :ill., map ;28 cm. |
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| Citation Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey ;
U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor], |
| Citation Series: | Open-File Report |
| Citation Series Code: | OFR |
| Citation Series Number: | 93-630 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin: selected data for 1992 water year; 1993; OFR; 93-630; Graczyk, D. J.; Walker, J. F.; Greb, S. R.; Corsi, Steven R.; Owens, D. W. |
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| Citation Year: | 1993 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Evaluation of nonpoint-source contamination, Wisconsin: selected data for 1992 water year; 1993; OFR; 93-630; Graczyk, D. J.; Walker, J. F.; Greb, S. R.; Corsi, Steven R.; Owens, D. W. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0630/report-thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1993/0630/report.pdf |
| Date Other: | Sat, 1 Jan 1994 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey ;
U.S. Geological Survey, Earth Science Information Center, Open-File Reports Section [distributor], |
