Circum-North Pacific tectonostratigraphic terrane map

Nokleberg, Warren J.; Parfenov, Leonid M.; Monger, James W. H.; Baranov, Boris B.; Byalobzhesky, Stanislav G.; Bundtzen, Thomas K.; Feeney, Tracey D.; Fujita, Kazuya; Gordey, Steven P.; Grantz, Arthur; Khanchuk, Alexander I.; Natal'in, Boris A.; Natapov, Lev M.; Norton, Ian O.; Patton, William W., Jr.; Plafker, George; Scholl, David W.; Sokolov, Sergei D.; Sosunov, Gleb M.; Stone, David B.; Tabor, Rowland W.; Tsukanov, Nickolai V.; Vallier, Tracy L.; Wakita, Koji

Abstract:

Ground water is the major source of freshwater supply in southern Cape May County, New Jersey. Withdrawals from the shallow aquifers provide about 50 percent of the freshwater used in the county. These withdrawals increased by 66 percent from 1956 to 1986, from 4.22 to 7.00 million gallons per day. Development of the shallow aquifers has modified the direction of ground-water flow, resulting in the contamination of many wells with saltwater. Prior to the development of the aquifers, ground water beneath the center of Cape May peninsula moved upward from the Cohansey aquifer to the estuarine sand aquifer and horizontally to the Delaware Bay and Atlantic Ocean, thus maintaining a substantial reservoir of fresh ground water beneath the peninsula. Water levels in the unconfined Holly Beach water-bearing zone did not change significantly from 1958 to 1987, but withdrawals of up to 7.00 million gallons per day caused heads in the confined Cohansey and estuarine sand aquifers to decline to as much as 24 feet below sea level, allowing saltwater to intrude into these aquifers. Chloride concentrations as high as 850 milligrams per liter have been measured in wells used for freshwater supply. A comparison between lines of equal chloride concentration in 1958 and 1984-87 indicates that saltwater has intruded into the estuarine sand and Cohansey aquifers and is migrating landward in the Cohansey aquifer in the southern and western parts of the peninsula.

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USGS Numbered Series

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16977

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Nokleberg, Warren J.; Parfenov, Leonid M.; Monger, James W. H.; Baranov, Boris B.; Byalobzhesky, Stanislav G.; Bundtzen, Thomas K.; Feeney, Tracey D.; Fujita, Kazuya; Gordey, Steven P.; Grantz, Arthur; Khanchuk, Alexander I.; Natal'in, Boris A.; Natapov, Lev M.; Norton, Ian O.; Patton, William W., Jr.; Plafker, George; Scholl, David W.; Sokolov, Sergei D.; Sosunov, Gleb M.; Stone, David B.; Tabor, Rowland W.; Tsukanov, Nickolai V.; Vallier, Tracy L.; Wakita, Koji

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ENGLISH

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221 p

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U.S. Geological Survey,

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Open-File Report

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OFR

Citation Series Number:

94-714

Citation Search Results Text:

Circum-North Pacific tectonostratigraphic terrane map; 1994; OFR; 94-714; Nokleberg, Warren J.; Parfenov, Leonid M.; Monger, James W. H.; Baranov, Boris B.; Byalobzhesky, Stanislav G.; Bundtzen, Thomas K.; Feeney, Tracey D.; Fujita, Kazuya; Gordey, Steven P.; Grantz, Arthur; Khanchuk, Alexander I.; Natal‘in, Boris A.; Natapov, Lev M.; Norton, Ian O.; Patton, William W., Jr.; Plafker, George; Scholl, David W.; Sokolov, Sergei D.; Sosunov, Gleb M.; Stone, David B.; Tabor, Rowland W.; Tsukanov, Nickolai V.; Vallier, Tracy L.; Wakita, Koji