| Abstract: | Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park (KAHO) is one of three National Park lands located along the western coast of the Island of Hawai`i and the only one to include submerged lands and marine resources within its official boundaries. The park was established in 1978 and is 1,160 acres in size, including 596 acres of marine area. The submerged lands are currently managed by the State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources (DLNR-DAR). KAHO is located adjacent to a moderately well developed area of the Kona coast. The park is bordered on the south by the Honokohau small-boat harbor and on the north by a luxury residential/resort and golf course development currently (2006) under construction. A county landfill and wastewater treatment facility that discharges treated effluent are located within a mile upslope of the harbor and the park. Across the highway from the east boundary are a rock quarry and a light industrial and business district. Future development slated for lands adjacent to the south boundary of the park include a 300-percent expansion of the small-boat harbor, along with construction of hotels, condominiums, and a light industrial park.
Marine resources located within KAHO include coral reef and habitat for many marine animals, including the green sea turtle and a variety of fish and invertebrates. In addition, many archeological, cultural, and recreational resources are located within the marine realm of the park. Potential threats and stressors to the modern marine environment include ground-water and surface-water contamination, invasive plants and algae, fishing pressure and use of monofilament gill nets (which can ensnare marine life or become tangled on reefs and be left behind as fishing debris), and visitor use impacts, such as scuba diving and snorkeling. Illegal dumping, oil releases, boat groundings, and other physical damage to reef resources are potential threats from users of the nearby harbor. Special issues of concern for the park include establishing baseline conditions of the offshore resources before the development of adjacent coastal lands.
Until this study, only a general knowledge of the distribution of benthic habitats and the characteristics of the offshore region of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park was available. In 2003, a collaborative project between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Coastal and Marine Geology Program and the National Park Service (NPS) was initiated to develop detailed benthic-habitat classification maps for the marine lands within and adjacent to the park. The intent of this project is to provide baseline maps and a Geographic Information System (GIS) database and description of the biological and geological resources of these marine lands in order to facilitate the management, interpretation, and understanding of park resources.
A benthic-habitat classification map was created for the park using existing color aerial photography, Scanning Hydrographic Operational Airborne Lidar Survey (SHOALS) bathymetric data, georeferenced underwater video, and still photography. Individual habitat polygons were classified using five basic attributes: (1) major structure or substrate, (2) dominant structure, (3) major biologic cover on the substrate, (4) percentage of major biological cover, and (5) geographic zone. Additional information regarding geology, morphology, and coral species were also noted. |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 79973 |
| Citation Author: | Gibbs, Ann E.; Cochran, Susan A.; Logan, Joshua B.; Grossman, Eric E. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | USGS Western Coastal and Marine Geology |
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| Citation Edition: | - |
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| Citation Language: | ENGLISH |
| Citation Larger Work Title: | |
| Citation LatN: | 0194200 |
| Citation LatS: | 0193600 |
| Citation LonE: | -1560000 |
| Citation LonW: | -1560600 |
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| Citation No Pagination: | N |
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| Citation Online Only Flag: | Y |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | Report: vi, 62 p.; Metadata; Data Files |
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| Citation Public Comments: | Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service |
| Citation Publisher: | Geological Survey (U.S.) |
| Citation Series: | Scientific Investigations Report |
| Citation Series Code: | SIR |
| Citation Series Number: | 2006-5256 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Benthic Habitats and Offshore Geological Resources of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai`i; 2007; SIR; 2006-5256; Gibbs, Ann E.; Cochran, Susan A.; Logan, Joshua B.; Grossman, Eric E. |
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| Citation Year: | 2007 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Benthic Habitats and Offshore Geological Resources of Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park, Hawai`i; 2007; SIR; 2006-5256; Gibbs, Ann E.; Cochran, Susan A.; Logan, Joshua B.; Grossman, Eric E. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg |
| URL (INDEX PAGE): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5256/ |
| Date Other: | Thu, 24 May 2007 00:00 -0500 |
| Publisher: | Geological Survey (U.S.) |
