| Abstract: | Cadmium metal has been found to be toxic to humans and the environment under certain conditions; therefore, a thorough understanding of the use and disposal of the metal is warranted. Most of the cadmium used in the United States comes from imported products. In 2007, more than 83 percent of the cadmium used in the United States was contained in batteries, mostly in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries used in popular consumer products such as cordless phones and power tools. The flow of cadmium contained in rechageable nickel-cadmium batteries used in the United States was tracked for the years 1996 to 2007. The amount of cadmium metal contained in imported products in 2007 was estimated to be about 1,900 metric tons, or about 160 percent higher than the reported cadmium production in the United States from all primary and secondary sources. Although more than 40,000 metric tons of cadmium was estimated to be contained in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries that became obsolete during the 12-year study period, not all of this material was sent to municipal solid waste landfills. About 27 percent of the material available for recovery in the United States was recycled domestically in 2007; the balance was discarded in municipal solid waste landfills, exported for recycling, retained in temporary storage, or thrown away. |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 80709 |
| Citation Author: | Wilburn, David R. |
| Citation Contributing Office: | U.S. Geological Survey |
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| Citation Edition: | Version 2.0, Revised Sep 21, 2009 |
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| Citation Language: | ENGLISH |
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| Citation No Pagination: | N |
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| Citation Online Only Flag: | Y |
| Citation Phsyical Description: | iv, 27 p. |
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| Citation Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Citation Series: | Scientific Investigations Report |
| Citation Series Code: | SIR |
| Citation Series Number: | 2007-5198 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Flow of Cadmium from Rechargeable Batteries in the United States, 1996-2007; 2007; SIR; 2007-5198; Wilburn, David R. |
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| Citation Year: | 2007 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Flow of Cadmium from Rechargeable Batteries in the United States, 1996-2007; 2007; SIR; 2007-5198; Wilburn, David R. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2007_5198.jpg |
| URL (INDEX PAGE): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2007/5198/ |
| Date Other: | Wed, 12 Dec 2007 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey |
