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Winter feeding habits of quail in longleaf-slash pine habitat

Special Scientific Report - Wildlife 220
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Abstract

Crops of bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) collected in 11 years (7,147 in winter and 92 in other seasons) in the longleaf-slash pine (Pinus palustris-P. elliottii) forest type were examined for food content. Seeds of woody plants made up 45% or more of the volume of food found in crops in 9 of the 11 winters. Seeds of pines (Pinus spp.), drupes of red bay (Persea borbonia), and acorns from various oaks (Quercus spp.) were large-volume food items in certain years. As a group, seeds produced by legumes were next largest in volume, varying from 2 to 48% in the 11 winters. Seeds of partridge peas (Cassia spp.), common lespedeza (Lespedeza striata), bush clovers (Lespedeza spp.), milkpeas (Galactia spp.), and tick-clovers (Desmodium spp.) were impor tant species. Volumes of seeds of grass, spurge, and sedge families were usually less than 12% for each group, and volumes of green leaves and animal matter less than 5% each. Panic (Panicum spp.) and paspalums (Paspalum spp.) were principal grass species. Availability of seeds influ enced consumption by forest-dwelling quail. In habitat management for quail, a variety of trees and shrubs should be maintained in the forest type to better insure a dependable food base, season to season and year to year. Similarly, desirable herbaceous food plants should be encour aged by fire and mechanical means.

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Publication type Report
Publication Subtype Federal Government Series
Title Winter feeding habits of quail in longleaf-slash pine habitat
Series title Special Scientific Report - Wildlife
Series number 220
Year Published 1979
Language English
Publisher U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
Description 39 p.
Country United States
State Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Texas, Virginia, South Carolina
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