Low-flow characteristics of Wisconsin streams at sewage-treatment plants
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Abstract
Low-flow characteristics of Wisconsin streams at 415 sewage -treatment plants are presented in this report. The low-flow characteristics presented are the annual minimum 7-day mean flow that occurs on the average of once in 2 years (Q7, 2) and the annual minimum 7 -day mean flow that occurs on the average of once in 10 years (Q7, 10).
The low-flow characteristics at most sewage-treatment plants were determined by correlating base-flow measurements at the sewage- treatment plants to the concurrent daily mean flow at continuous-record gaging stations in the area. The Q7, 2 and Q7, 10 discharges determined by a frequency analysis at the continuous-record gaging stations were used to estimate the Q7, 2 and Q7,10 at the sewage-treatment plants. For some sewage-treatment plants the low-flow characteristics were also determined by frequency analysis at nearby continuous -record gaging stations or correlation analysis at nearby low-flow, partial-record stations.
The accuracy of the estimated low-flow characteristics is evaluated according to the type and amount of data available used to determine the low-flow characteristics. The accuracy determined by the standard error of estimate for the 10-year low flow (SE10) ranged from 18 percent at continuous -record gaging stations to 70 percent when only three base-flow measurements were available.
The SE10 of 70 percent is larger than anticipated when the project was initiated. This was the result of extremely poor base-flow conditions during the 2-year data-collection period.
Study Area
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | Low-flow characteristics of Wisconsin streams at sewage-treatment plants |
| Series title | Water-Resources Investigations Report |
| Series number | 74-45 |
| DOI | 10.3133/wri7445 |
| Year Published | 1974 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Contributing office(s) | Wisconsin Water Science Center |
| Description | vi, 101 p. |
| Country | United States |
| State | Wisconsin |
| Online Only (Y/N) | N |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |