| Abstract: | The Powder River, Bull Mountains, and Williston basins of Montana and Wyoming were investigated to understand the geohydrology and subsurface water flow. Rocks were separated into: Fox Hills-lower Hell Creek aquifer (layer 1), upper Hell Creek confining layer (layer 2), Tullock aquifer (layer 3), Lebo confining layer (layer 4), and Tongue River aquifer (layer 5). Aquifer transmissivities were estimated from ratios of sand and shale and adjusted for kinematic viscosity and compaction. Vertical hydraulic conductance per unit area between layers was estimated. Potentiometric surface maps were drawn from limited data. A three-dimensional finite-difference model was used for simulation. Five stages of simulation decreased and standard error of estimate for hydraulic head from 135 to 110 feet for 739 observation nodes. The resulting mean transmissivities for layers 1-5 were 443, 191, 374, 217, and 721 sq ft/d. The corresponding mean vertical hydraulic conductances per unit area between the layers were simulated; they ranged from 0.000140 to 0.0000150. Mean annual recharge across the study area was about 0.26 percent of average annual precipitation. Large volumes of interlayer flow indicate the vertical flow may be significant. (USGS) |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 27768 |
| Citation Author: | Hotchkiss, W. R.; Levings, J. F. |
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| Citation Language: | ENGLISH |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | v, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. |
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| Citation Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey, |
| Citation Series: | Water-Resources Investigations Report |
| Citation Series Code: | WRI |
| Citation Series Number: | 85-4281 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Hydrogeology and simulation of water flow in strata above Bearpaw Shale and equivalents of eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming; 1986; WRI; 85-4281; Hotchkiss, W. R.; Levings, J. F. |
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| Citation Year: | 1986 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Hydrogeology and simulation of water flow in strata above Bearpaw Shale and equivalents of eastern Montana and northeastern Wyoming; 1986; WRI; 85-4281; Hotchkiss, W. R.; Levings, J. F. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4281/report-thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4281/report.pdf |
| Date Other: | Sat, 1 Jan 1994 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | U.S. Geological Survey, |
