| Abstract: | The Skunk Creek aquifer, a major glacial outwash deposit in the Skunk Creek drainage basin, consists of a 30-sq-mi shallow stream connected sand and gravel aquifer in southeastern South Dakota. The aquifer thickness ranges from 1 to 74 ft. Average annual fluctuation of the water table is 2.5 ft. The water has an average dissolved-solids content of 620 mg/L and is very hard , averaging 403 mg/L calcium carbonate hardness. A numerical model was developed and calibrated under steady-state and transient conditions. The model contained 484 active nodes each representing 0.0625 sq mi. Hydraulic conductivities of the aquifer used in the model range from 10 to 400 ft/d, and average specific yield is 20%. Recharge from infiltration of precipitation was estimated to be 6 inches/yr or 24% of average annual precipitation. Maximum evapotranspiration rate was 32 inches/yr and the evapotranspiration extinction depth for the model was 5 ft. The steady-state hydrologic budget was about 11 ,000 acre-ft/yr. Recharge by precipitation was about 9,500 acre-ft and recharge from streams was about 1,100 acre-ft. Discharge by evapotranspiration was about 5,000 acre-ft and discharge to streams was about 5,700 acre-ft. A hypothetical simulation to determine maximum withdrawal under steady-state conditions resulted in a groundwater withdrawal of about 15,700 acre-ft/yr from 19 hypothetical wells pumping at a rate of 500 gal/min and 13 existing wells pumping at a combined average rate of 24 gal/min. (USGS) |
| Genre: | USGS Numbered Series |
| ProdID: | 28934 |
| Citation Author: | Ohland, G. L. |
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| Citation Language: | ENGLISH |
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| Citation Phsyical Description: | v, 54 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. |
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| Citation Publisher: | Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;
U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, [distributor], |
| Citation Series: | Water-Resources Investigations Report |
| Citation Series Code: | WRI |
| Citation Series Number: | 87-4156 |
| Citation Search Results Text: | Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota; 1990; WRI; 87-4156; Ohland, G. L. |
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| Citation Year: | 1990 |
| Type: | citation/reference |
| Text: | Appraisal of the water resources of the Skunk Creek Aquifer in Minnehaha County, South Dakota; 1990; WRI; 87-4156; Ohland, G. L. |
| URL (THUMBNAIL): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report-thumb.jpg |
| URL (DOCUMENT): | http://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4156/report.pdf |
| Date Other: | Sat, 1 Jan 1994 00:00 -0600 |
| Publisher: | Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;
U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports, [distributor], |
