Short-term (∼monthly) sediment deposition and resuspension rates of surficial bed sediments in two PCB-laden impoundments on the Fox River, WI, were determined in the summer and fall of 1998 using ⁷Be, a naturally occurring radioisotope produced in the atmosphere. Decay-corrected activities and inventories of ⁷Be were measured in bed sediment and in suspended particles. Beryllium-7 activities generally decreased with depth in the top 5−10 cm of sediments and ranged from undetectable to ∼0.9 pCi cm^-3. Inventories of ⁷Be, calculated from the sum of activities from all depths, ranged from 0.87 to 3.74 pCi cm^-2, and the values covaried between sites likely reflecting a common atmospheric input signal. Activities of ⁷Be did not correlate directly with rainfall. Partitioning the ⁷Be flux into “new” and “residual” components indicated that net deposition was occurring most of the time during the summer. Net erosion, however, was observed at the upstream site from the final collection in the fall. This erosion event was estimated to have removed 0.10 g (cm of sediment)^-2, corresponding to ∼0.5 cm of sediment depth, and ∼6−10 kg of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) over the whole deposit. Short-term accumulation rates were up to ∼130 times higher than the long-term rates calculated from ¹³⁷Cs profiles, suggesting an extremely dynamic sediment transport environment, even within an impounded river system.