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Toxicity of chloride under winter low-flow conditions in an urban watershed in central Missouri, USA

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
By: , , and 
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0673-0

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Abstract

Deicers such as sodium chloride and calcium chloride are used to treat snow and ice on road surfaces and have been identified as potential stressors on aquatic life. Hinkson Creek is an urban stream on the Missouri 303(d) list of impaired waters and is classified as impaired due to urban non-point source pollution. A 7-day toxicity test using Ceriodaphnia dubia was conducted to assess the toxicity of stream water during snowmelt at seven sites within the Hinkson Creek watershed. Chloride concentrations at two sites (Site 6, 1252 mg Cl/L; Site 4, 301 mg Cl/L) exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency chronic criterion (230 mg Cl/L). Survival (30 %) and total reproduction (6.9 young/adult) of C. dubia at Site 6 was significantly lower than survival (100 %) and total reproduction (30.4 young/adult) at Site 1 (reference site). Results indicate that chloride concentrations are elevated above water-quality criteria and that chloride may be a significant chemical stressor for macroinvertebrate communities during winter low-flow conditions in the Hinkson Creek watershed.

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Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Toxicity of chloride under winter low-flow conditions in an urban watershed in central Missouri, USA
Series title Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
DOI 10.1007/s00128-012-0673-0
Volume 89
Issue 2
Year Published 2012
Language English
Publisher Springer
Publisher location Amsterdam, Netherlands
Contributing office(s) Columbia Environmental Research Center
Description 6 p.
First page 296
Last page 301
Country United States
State Missouri
County Boone County
City Columbia
Other Geospatial Hinkson Creek
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