Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane

John W. Pohlman; J. Greinert; Carolyn D. Ruppel; A Silyakova; L Vielstadte; Michael Casso; J Mienert; S Bunz

doi:10.1073/pnas.1618926114

Enhanced CO₂ uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences

By: John W. Pohlman, J. Greinert, Carolyn D. Ruppel, A Silyakova, L Vielstadte, Michael Casso, J Mienert, and S Bunz

https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1618926114

Abstract

Continued warming of the Arctic Ocean in coming decades is projected to trigger the release of teragrams (1 Tg = 10⁶ tons) of methane from thawing subsea permafrost on shallow continental shelves and dissociation of methane hydrate on upper continental slopes. On the shallow shelves (<100 m water depth), methane released from the seafloor may reach the atmosphere and potentially amplify global warming. On the other hand, biological uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) has the potential to offset the positive warming potential of emitted methane, a process that has not received detailed consideration for these settings. Continuous sea−air gas flux data collected over a shallow ebullitive methane seep field on the Svalbard margin reveal atmospheric CO₂ uptake rates (−33,300 ± 7,900 μmol m⁻²⋅d⁻¹) twice that of surrounding waters and ∼1,900 times greater than the diffusive sea−air methane efflux (17.3 ± 4.8 μmol m⁻²⋅d⁻¹). The negative radiative forcing expected from this CO₂ uptake is up to 231 times greater than the positive radiative forcing from the methane emissions. Surface water characteristics (e.g., high dissolved oxygen, high pH, and enrichment of ¹³C in CO₂) indicate that upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water from near the seafloor accompanies methane emissions and stimulates CO₂ consumption by photosynthesizing phytoplankton. These findings challenge the widely held perception that areas characterized by shallow-water methane seeps and/or strongly elevated sea−air methane flux always increase the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden.

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Additional publication details
Publication type	Article
Publication Subtype	Journal Article
Title	Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane
Series title	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
DOI	10.1073/pnas.1618926114
Volume	114
Issue	21
Year Published	2017
Language	English
Publisher	PNAS
Contributing office(s)	Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
Description	6 p.
First page	5355
Last page	5360
Country	United States
Other Geospatial	Arctic Ocean
Google Analytic Metrics	Metrics page