Anatomy of a caldera collapse: Kīlauea 2018 summit seismicity sequence in high resolution
Geophysical Research Letters
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Abstract
The 2018 Kīlauea eruption and caldera collapse generated intense cycles of seismicity tied to repeated large seismic (Mw ~5) collapse events associated with magma withdrawal from beneath the summit. To gain insight into the underlying dynamics and aid eruption response, we applied waveform-based earthquake detection and double-difference location as the eruption unfolded. Here, we augment these rapid results by grouping events based on patterns of correlation-derived phase polarities across the network. From April 29 to August 6, bracketing the eruption, we used ~2800 events cataloged by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to detect and precisely locate 44,000+ earthquakes. Resulting hypocentroids resolve complex, yet coherent structures, concentrated at shallow depths east of Halema‘uma‘u crater, beneath the eventual eastern perimeter of surface collapse. Based on a preponderance of dilatational P-wave first motions and similarities with previously inferred dike structures, we hypothesize that failure was dominated by coupled shear and crack closure.
Study Area
| Publication type | Article |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | Journal Article |
| Title | Anatomy of a caldera collapse: Kīlauea 2018 summit seismicity sequence in high resolution |
| Series title | Geophysical Research Letters |
| DOI | 10.1029/2019GL085636 |
| Volume | 46 |
| Issue | 24 |
| Year Published | 2020 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | American Geophysical Union |
| Contributing office(s) | Geologic Hazards Science Center |
| Description | 9 p. |
| First page | 14395 |
| Last page | 14403 |
| Country | United States |
| State | Hawaii |
| Other Geospatial | Kīlauea Volcano |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |