Paleoseismic trenching reveals late quaternary kinematics of the Leech River Fault: Implications for forearc strain accumulation in Northern Cascadia

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
By: , and 

Links

Abstract

New paleoseismic trenching indicates late Quaternary oblique right‐lateral slip on the Leech River fault, southern Vancouver Island, Canada, and constrains permanent forearc deformation in northern Cascadia. A south‐to‐north reduction in northward Global Navigation Satellite System velocities and seismicity across the Olympic Mountains, Strait of Juan de Fuca (JDF), and the southern Strait of Georgia, has been used as evidence for permanent north–south crustal shortening via thrust faulting between a northward migrating southern forearc and rigid northern backstop in southwestern Canada. However, previous paleoseismic studies indicating late Quaternary oblique right‐lateral slip on west‐northwest‐striking forearc faults north of the Olympic Mountains and in the southern Strait of Georgia are more consistent with forearc deformation models that invoke oroclinal bending and(or) westward extrusion of the Olympic Mountains. To help evaluate strain further north across the Strait of JDF, we present the results from two new paleoseismic trenches excavated across the Leech River fault. In the easternmost Good Hope trench, we document a vertical fault zone and a broad anticline deforming glacial till. Comparison of till clast orientations in faulted and undeformed glacial till shows evidence for postdeposition faulted till clast rotation, indicating strike‐slip shear. The orientation of opening mode fissuring during surface rupture is consistent with right‐lateral slip and the published regional SHmaxSHmax directions. Vertical separation and the formation of scarp‐derived colluvium along one fault also indicate a dip‐slip component. Radiocarbon charcoal dating within offset glacial till and scarp‐derived colluvium suggest a single surface rupturing earthquake at 9.4±3.4  ka9.4±3.4  ka. The oblique right‐lateral slip sense inferred in the Good Hope trench is consistent with slip kinematics observed on other regional west‐northwest‐striking faults and indicates that these structures do not accommodate significant north–south shortening via thrust faulting.

Study Area

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Paleoseismic trenching reveals late quaternary kinematics of the Leech River Fault: Implications for forearc strain accumulation in Northern Cascadia
Series title Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America
DOI 10.1785/0120200204
Volume 111
Issue 2
Year Published 2021
Language English
Publisher Seismological Society of America
Contributing office(s) Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center
Description 29 p.
First page 1110
Last page 1138
Country United States, Canada
State Washington
Other Geospatial Vancouver Island
Google Analytic Metrics Metrics page
Additional publication details