Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota
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Abstract
Recharge to unconfined aquifers in the seven-county Twin Cities metropolitan area of Minnesota was estimated by five methods. Mean recharge estimated as a percentage (27 percent) of precipitation ranged from 7.7 to 8.3 in./yr across the study area. The median recharge estimated from automated analyses of streamflow-recession displacements for seven basins ranged from 1.2 to 12.2 in./yr. Median recharge estimated from graphical analyses of groundwater level fluctuations for 11 wells ranged from 4.5 to 13.6 in./yr. Recharge estimated by age dating of shallow ground water at a nested well site was 8.8 in./yr. Minimal ground-water recharge estimated by statistical analyses of watershed characteristics (geologic data and streamflow records) ranged from less than 0.1 to 5.6 in./yr.
Leakage, considered recharge to confined aquifers, in the seven-county Twin Cities metropolitan area was estimated by two methods. Leakage estimated by analyses of ground-water level fluctuations for 11 wells ranged from 3.2x10-3 to 1.1x10-2 in./yr. Leakage estimated by analyses of vertical-hydraulic gradients based on application of the Darcy flow equation for seven nested well sites ranged from 4.6x10-5 to 1.1x10-1 in./yr.
Recharge estimates, which generally varied within 10 in./yr for each of the methods, generally were largest based on the precipitation, ground-water level fluctuation, and age dating of shallow ground water methods, slightly smaller based on the streamflow-recession displacement method, and smallest based on the watershed characteristics method. Leakage, which was less than 1 in./yr, varied within 1 order of magnitude based on the ground-water level fluctuation method and as much as 4 orders of magnitude based on analyses of vertical-hydraulic gradients.
Study Area
| Publication type | Report |
|---|---|
| Publication Subtype | USGS Numbered Series |
| Title | Estimates of recharge to unconfined aquifers and leakage to confined aquifers in the seven-county metropolitan area of Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota |
| Series title | Water-Resources Investigations Report |
| Series number | 2002-4092 |
| DOI | 10.3133/wri20024092 |
| Year Published | 2002 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | U.S. Geological Survey |
| Publisher location | Mounds View, MN |
| Contributing office(s) | Minnesota Water Science Center |
| Description | iv, 32 p. |
| Country | United States |
| State | Minnesota |
| Online Only (Y/N) | N |
| Additional Online Files (Y/N) | N |
| Google Analytic Metrics | Metrics page |