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Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties

Water Resources Research
By: , , , , and 
https://doi.org/10.1029/2002WR001604

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Abstract

An understanding of unsaturated flow and potential recharge in interdrainage semiarid and arid regions is critical for quantification of water resources and contaminant transport. We evaluated system response to paleoclimatic forcing using water potential and Cl profiles and modeling of nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow and Cl transport at semiarid (High Plains, Texas) and arid (Chihuahuan Desert, Texas; Amargosa Desert, Nevada) sites. Infiltration in response to current climatic forcing is restricted to the shallow (∼0.3–3 m) subsurface. Subsurface Cl accumulations correspond to time periods of 9–90 kyr. Bulge-shaped Cl profiles generally represent accumulation during the Holocene (9–16 kyr). Lower Cl concentrations at depth reflect higher water fluxes (0.04–8.4 mm/yr) during the Pleistocene and earlier times. Low water potentials and upward gradients indicate current drying conditions. Nonisothermal liquid and vapor flow simulations indicate that upward flow for at least 1–2 kyr in the High Plains and for 12–16 kyr at the Chihuahuan and Amargosa desert sites is required to reproduce measured upward water potential gradients and that recharge is negligible (<0.1 mm/yr) in these interdrainage areas.

Publication type Article
Publication Subtype Journal Article
Title Variations in flow and transport in thick desert vadose zones in response to paleoclimatic forcing (0-90 kyr): Field measurements, modeling, and uncertainties
Series title Water Resources Research
DOI 10.1029/2002WR001604
Volume 39
Issue 7
Year Published 2003
Language English
Publisher AGU Publications
Contributing office(s) Toxic Substances Hydrology Program
Description Article 1179; 17 p.
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