Widespread middle to late Eocene calc-alkalic volcanism, which formed the Northeast Nevada Volcanic Field, marks the earliest Tertiary volcanism in the northern Basin and Range. The central part of this major field in northeast Nevada and adjacent Utah is herein defined by 23 ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages that range from 42.6 to 39.0 Ma, rock chemistry from 12 localities, stratigraphic position of the volcanic rocks above a regional middle Eocene unconformity, volcanic setting, and lithology. The type area is at Nanny Creek, in the northern Pequop Mountains, Nevada, where rhyolite ash flow tuffs are overlain by a thick section of intercalated andesitic to dacitic flows and flow breccias and rhyolite ash flow tuffs. The intermediate composition rocks are locally derived throughout the volcanic field, whereas the sources for rhyolite ash flow tuffs are unknown. The uniform and widespread occurrence of the andesitic and dacitic flows and flow breccias strongly suggests that the upper crust was perforated by intermediate composition magma across the entire region. In the central part of the field the middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on deformed middle Paleozoic to Triassic strata; ostracode-bearing limestone, probably of early Eocene age, is locally present below the volcanic rocks. In the western and southeastern parts of the field these middle Eocene volcanic rocks rest with depositional angular discordance on lower Eocene lacustrine strata of the Elko and White Sage Formations, respectively. This angular discordance documents a middle Eocene deformational event previously unrecognized in the region.